Anisotropy is a characteristic feature of single crystals and indicates that in general the properties of the crystal are different in different directions and may be similar only in special cases. Anisotropy of crystals is due to directional dependence of the packing density of atoms and molecules in the crystal lattice. An important consequence of crystal anisotropy is the formation of a texture, preferably grain orientation, in polycrystalline materials. Its formation leads to the anisotropy of functional properties in metal products subjected to thermo-mechanical processing (rolling, stamping, etc.), fibrous and film materials, and many composite materials. Magnetocrystalline anisotropy strongly influences the formation of magnetic properties in substances and materials. Anisotropy is characteristic of liquid crystals and flowing liquids.